• 내장되어 있기 때문에 import할 필요 없는 함수

  • 사용자 입력을 받는 함수
language = input("무슨 언어를 좋아하세요?")
print("{0}은 아주 좋은 언어입니다.".format(language))

  • 어떤 객체에 대해 그 객체가 어떤 변수와 함수를 가지고 있는지 표시

print(dir())
  • 출력값 :
['__annotations__', '__builtins__','__cached__', '__doc__', '__file__',
'__loader__', '__name__', '__package__', '__spec__', 'language']

import random  # 외장함수
 
print(dir())
  • 출력값 :
['__annotations__', '__builtins__', '__cached__', '__doc__', '__file__',
'__loader__', '__name__', '__package__', '__spec__', 'language', 'random']

import pickle
 
print(dir())
  • 출력값 :
['__annotations__', '__builtins__', '__cached__', '__doc__', '__file__',
'__loader__', '__name__', '__package__', '__spec__', 'language', 'pickle',
'random']

  • random 모듈 내에서 쓸 수 있는 것들의 list
print(dir(random))
  • 출력값 :
['BPF', 'LOG4', 'NV_MAGICCONST', 'RECIP_BPF', 'Random', 'SG_MAGICCONST',
'SystemRandom', 'TWOPI', '_Sequence', '_Set', '__all__', '__builtins__',
'__cached__', '__doc__', '__file__', '__loader__', '__name__', '__package__',
'__spec__', '_accumulate', '_acos', '_bisect', '_ceil', '_cos', '_e', '_exp',
'_floor', '_inst', '_log', '_os', '_pi', '_random', '_repeat', '_sha512',
'_sin', '_sqrt', '_test', '_test_generator', '_urandom', '_warn', 'betavariate',
'choice', 'choices', 'expovariate', 'gammavariate', 'gauss', 'getrandbits',
'getstate', 'lognormvariate', 'normalvariate', 'paretovariate', 'randbytes',
'randint', 'random', 'randrange', 'sample', 'seed', 'setstate', 'shuffle',
'triangular', 'uniform', 'vonmisesvariate', 'weibullvariate']

lst = [1, 2, 3]
print(dir(lst))
  • 출력값 :
['__add__', '__class__', '__class_getitem__', '__contains__', '__delattr__',
'__delitem__', '__dir__', '__doc__', '__eq__', '__format__', '__ge__',
'__getattribute__', '__getitem__', '__gt__', '__hash__', '__iadd__', '__imul__',
'__init__', '__init_subclass__', '__iter__', '__le__', '__len__', '__lt__',
'__mul__', '__ne__', '__new__', '__reduce__', '__reduce_ex__', '__repr__',
'__reversed__', '__rmul__', '__setattr__', '__setitem__', '__sizeof__',
'__str__', '__subclasshook__', 'append', 'clear', 'copy', 'count', 'extend',
'index', 'insert', 'pop', 'remove', 'reverse', 'sort']

name = "Jim"
print(dir(name))
  • 출력값 :
['__add__', '__class__', '__contains__', '__delattr__', '__dir__', '__doc__',
'__eq__', '__format__', '__ge__', '__getattribute__', '__getitem__',
'__getnewargs__', '__gt__', '__hash__', '__init__', '__init_subclass__',
'__iter__', '__le__', '__len__', '__lt__', '__mod__', '__mul__', '__ne__',
'__new__', '__reduce__', '__reduce_ex__', '__repr__', '__rmod__', '__rmul__',
'__setattr__', '__sizeof__', '__str__', '__subclasshook__', 'capitalize',
'casefold', 'center', 'count', 'encode', 'endswith', 'expandtabs', 'find',
'format', 'format_map', 'index', 'isalnum', 'isalpha', 'isascii', 'isdecimal',
'isdigit', 'isidentifier', 'islower', 'isnumeric', 'isprintable', 'isspace',
'istitle', 'isupper', 'join', 'ljust', 'lower', 'lstrip', 'maketrans',
'partition', 'removeprefix', 'removesuffix', 'replace', 'rfind', 'rindex',
'rjust', 'rpartition', 'rsplit', 'rstrip', 'split', 'splitlines', 'startswith',
'strip', 'swapcase', 'title', 'translate', 'upper', 'zfill']

google 검색
'list of python builtins'